Double planetary mixer

Currently, the mainstream slurry mixing equipment used by lithium-ion battery manufacturers is the double planetary mixer, also known as the PD mixer. This mixer is equipped with a low-speed mixing component, Planet, and a high-speed dispersing component, Disper. The low-speed mixing component comprises two folding frame agitators that utilize planetary gear transmission. As the agitators rotate and orbit, they allow the material to move in various directions, achieving the desired mixing effect within a relatively short time. The high-speed dispersing component typically features a toothed dispersing disk that rotates along with the planetary carrier while spinning rapidly, exerting intense shearing and dispersing forces on the material. This effect is several times greater than that of ordinary mixers. Additionally, the dispersing component can be configured with either a single or double dispersing shaft, depending on the specific requirements of the application.

Ball mill mixing

Ball milling mixing is also often used for the preparation of lithium-ion battery slurry, which is generally more common in laboratories. Similar to fluid mechanics-based mixing methods, the dispersion ability of the ball milling process is determined by the balance of cluster fragmentation and agglomeration reorganization speeds, which is related to the properties of powder particles and can be changed by the addition of surfactants.

In the ball milling process, powder particles undergo a large number of surface and volumetric changes, which may lead to mechanical and chemical transformations of the material (such as the rupture of carbon nanotubes, changes in their aspect ratio and structure). Reactions may occur between particles, between powder and dispersing media (solvents and binders), and even between powder and grinding balls. Collisions between grinding balls and local fluid high-shear turbulence can also cause the rupture of binder molecules.

Ultrasonic stirring

Currently, ultrasound is used by people for mixing at the microscopic scale based on the transient acoustic cavitation effect. This effect needs to be generated under quite high ultrasonic intensity, accompanied by the formation and growth of a large number of microbubbles. When the bubble size reaches a certain critical value, the bubble growth rate increases rapidly and then ruptures instantly, forming shock waves to disperse agglomerates while causing local high temperature and high pressure (local pressure can reach thousands of atmospheres).

Another process that occurs during ultrasonic mixing is the macroscopic flow of the liquid. The concentration of cavitation bubbles gradually decreases along the axis centered on the generator, and the bubbles diffuse to low-concentration regions, driving the liquid to flow with a speed of up to 2m/s. This fluid flow is sufficient to provide adequate mixing effects without the need for additional equipment.

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