Mesoporous Carbon Materials for Lithium-Sulfur Battery Cathode

SPECIFICATIONS

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Mesoporous carbon has large specific surface area and pore capacity, good electrical conductivity and structural stability, controlled mesopore pore size distribution and ordered pore structure, which can effectively improve the utilization of sulfur and the cycling performance of batteries. The composites of ordered mesoporous carbon and sulfur can obtain better electrochemical performance. The small-sized mesopores load most of the active material and help to inhibit the diffusion of polysulfide ions; while the interconnected large-sized cylindrical mesopores facilitate the transport of lithium ions during the charging and discharging process.
In addition, the large pore capacity can increase the sulfur loading and the lower sulfur content can improve the initial discharge capacity and cycling performance of the battery.

Physical parameters of mesoporous carbon materials:
The HPC material has a porous structure with a pore diameter of about 130-150 nm and a thin pore wall (about 15 nm). The material is a partially graphitized disordered carbon material with uniform distribution of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen on the surface.

HPC material(a)SEM picture;(b)TEM picture;(c)HRTEM picture;(d)TEM picture and corresponding EDS scanned image of element surface; (e) carbon element; (f) oxygen element; (g) nitrogen element

The specific surface area of the material is 232 m2 g-1 (mercury intrusion porosimetry test, Figure 2a), the total pore volume of the pore structure smaller than 200 nm is 2.51 cm3 g-1, and the theoretical sulfur loading can reach 90wt.%. 
The tap density is 0.146 g cm-3. Material D (10) is 3.689 μm, D (50) is 10.429 μm, D (99) is 27.902 μm (laser particle size distribution test), which can be adapted to the existing lithium battery pulping-coating process.

Figure 2 Mercury intrusion porosimetry test results (a, b) and the tap density of the material (inset) and (c) the particle size distribution of the hierarchical porous carbon material

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